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From elementary school students to adults, math anxiety can manifest as a persistent fear of math-related activities, leading to negative emotions and avoidance behaviors. 

This may stem from a combination of genetic predispositions and environmental factors. Genetic factors may contribute to an individual's predisposition to anxiety, while environmental influences such as negative experiences in math classes or societal attitudes toward math can make these feelings worse. 

Math anxiety overwhelms working memory, hindering mental calculations and reinforcing negative perceptions of math ability. Researchers suggest that interventions targeting this anxiety can mitigate its impact, providing strategies for individuals to manage and overcome their fear of mathematics. The link between these factors can create a cycle of anxiety that persists over time.

Symptoms and impact on performance

Math anxiety manifests in a range of symptoms, both emotional and physical. Emotionally, individuals may experience feelings of dread, nervousness, or helplessness when faced with mathematical tasks. Physically, symptoms can include increased heart rate, sweating, and tension. These reactions can impair cognitive function, making it difficult for individuals to concentrate and perform at their best.

Math anxiety negatively impacts a person's performance. When individuals experience anxiety, their working memory becomes compromised, leading to difficulties in problem-solving and retaining information. This, in turn, affects academic achievement negatively and can result in a self-perpetuating cycle of underperformance and increased anxiety.

Interventions and coping mechanisms

Addressing math anxiety requires a holistic approach. Educational interventions, such as incorporating positive math experiences and fostering a growth mindset, can help reshape attitudes toward math. Additionally, cognitive behavioral strategies, relaxation techniques and exposure therapy may be beneficial in reducing anxiety symptoms.