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Body integrity dysmorphia or BID, also known as body integrity identity disorder or BIID, is a psychological condition characterized by a persistent desire to modify one's body to match a perceived ideal.

Individuals with body integrity dysmorphia may experience discomfort or dissatisfaction with certain parts of their body, often feeling as though those body parts are not meant to be a part of them. This condition is relatively rare but can have significant impacts on an individual's mental health and quality of life.

Symptoms of BID

People with BID typically experience distress related to specific body parts, such as limbs, genitals, or sensory organs. They may express a strong desire to amputate or alter these body parts to align with their internal sense of identity. This desire is often accompanied by feelings of alienation or detachment from the affected body part, as well as a sense of completeness or relief when imagining themselves without it.

Causes and risk factors

The exact causes of BID are not fully understood, but researchers believe it may arise from a combination of biological, psychological and environmental factors. Some studies suggest that abnormalities in brain structure or function may contribute to the development of BID. Additionally, experiences such as trauma, childhood abuse, or cultural influences may play a role in shaping an individual's body image and identity.

Diagnosis, treatment, management

Diagnosing BID can be challenging due to its rarity and overlap with other psychological conditions. A comprehensive assessment by a qualified mental health professional is essential for an accurate diagnosis. Treatment for BID typically involves psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy or CBT, aimed at addressing underlying psychological issues and coping strategies. In some cases, pharmacological interventions may be used to manage associated symptoms such as depression or anxiety.

Living with BID can be challenging, but support networks and coping strategies can help individuals manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. Developing healthy coping mechanisms, such as mindfulness techniques or creative outlets, can also help individuals with BID.