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The world today is seemingly obsessed with physical appearance, so it is not uncommon for people to notice and criticize their own flaws. However, for some, this can escalate into a debilitating condition known as body dysmorphic disorder. 

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition characterized by an excessive concern over perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance. These flaws may be minor or even imagined, yet people with BDD often become fixated on them, believing them to be significant and distressing. These perceived imperfections can involve any part of the body, though common areas of focus include the skin, nose, hair, or body weight.

Psychological impact

The preoccupation with perceived flaws in BDD can lead to significant distress and impairment in daily functioning. People with BDD may experience feelings of shame, anxiety, and depression related to their appearance, often avoiding social situations or engaging in compulsive behaviors such as excessive grooming or seeking reassurance about their appearance. 

This preoccupation can consume a significant amount of time and mental energy, interfering with work, relationships and overall quality of life.

Causes of body dysmorphic disorder

The exact causes of BDD are not fully understood, but like many mental health conditions, it likely involves a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. People with a family history of BDD or other mental health disorders may be at a higher risk. 

Additionally, societal pressure to conform to unrealistic beauty standards and experiences of trauma or teasing related to appearance may contribute to the development of BDD.

Treatment and support

Fortunately, there are effective treatments available for BDD, including therapy and medication. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is commonly used to help people challenge and change their negative thoughts and behaviors related to their appearance. 

Additionally, antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may be prescribed to help manage symptoms of anxiety and depression.