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Developed by Japanese Buddhist Ishin Yoshimoto in the 1940s, Naikan therapy promotes personal growth and healing. 

This self-reflection technique encourages people to introspectively examine their relationships and actions. Participants engage in a reflective process for days or weeks, guided by a trained therapist. This method aims to enhance self-awareness, empathy and gratitude while promoting reconciliation with oneself and others.

What have I received from others?

In Naikan therapy, a person may contemplate the support, kindness, and sacrifices they have received from others throughout their lives. This process aims to cultivate gratitude and a deeper appreciation for the interconnectedness of relationships. 

Practicing gratitude can lead to improved psychological well-being by enhancing positive emotions and reducing negative ones. By acknowledging the contributions of others, participants may experience increased feelings of happiness and fulfillment.

What have I given to others?

Another aspect of Naikan therapy involves reflecting on one's actions and contributions to the lives of others. By recognizing how they have positively impacted others, participants can develop a sense of purpose and fulfillment. 

Engaging in prosocial behavior, such as acts of kindness and generosity, is associated with enhanced psychological and physical health. Through Naikan therapy, some people may become more attuned to the positive ripple effects of their actions on their environment.

What troubles and difficulties have I caused others?

Naikan therapy also prompts people to confront how they may have caused difficulties or pain to others. This aspect of self-reflection can be challenging but is essential for practicing empathy, understanding, and accountability. 

Taking responsibility for one's actions and seeking forgiveness can lead to improved interpersonal relationships and mental well-being. By acknowledging past mistakes and making amends, people may experience a sense of catharsis and liberation from guilt or shame.