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People's food preferences are not just about taste; they could be linked to cognitive function, brain structure and even genetics. 

Researchers from Fudan University in China and the University of Cambridge in the U.K. recently collaborated on a study that explored how food choices relate to various aspects of health and well-being.

Unhealthy food choices, often rich in sugars, fats and salts, may provide immediate satisfaction but can lead to weight gain and increase the risk of physical and mental health issues. 

The World Health Organization has reported a global rise in obesity rates, which is associated not only with physical ailments like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease but also with a higher likelihood of mental health disorders.

In the study, researchers found that those who adhere to a balanced diet -- one that includes a variety of foods without excessive amounts in any category -- experience better brain health, cognitive function and mental well-being. This balanced diet showed superiority over low-carb, vegetarian and high-protein/low-fiber diets in terms of fluid intelligence, processing speed, memory and executive functions.

Diets for brain health

Among healthy diets, a Mediterranean diet and a Mediterranean-DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay or a MIND diet have both shown particular promise. These diets emphasize foods like fish, dark leafy vegetables, fruits, grains, nuts, seeds, and limited amounts of red meat, fats and sugars. Research indicates that following the Mediterranean diet can improve cognition and reduce levels of harmful peptides associated with Alzheimer's disease.

Genetic influences on food choices

The study also suggests a genetic component to food preferences, indicating that genes may partly determine a person's food choices, which in turn affect brain function. However, external factors such as price, allergies, convenience and social influences also play a role in forming dietary habits.