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Teenagers already face the challenges of navigating bodily changes, peer pressure and emotional regulation. An added layer of challenge is when bullying goes to an extent that may trigger mental health difficulties such as psychosis.

In a study from earlier this year, researchers found a concerning link between bullying and the early stages of psychotic episodes in teenagers. The study showed that bullied adolescents not only face a higher risk of experiencing early psychotic symptoms but also exhibit lower levels of glutamate, a neurotransmitter responsible for emotion regulation.

Psychosis, characterized by a loss of contact with reality, incoherent speech, hallucinations and delusions, has long been associated with altered levels of glutamate in the brain's anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a region of the brain responsible for emotion regulation and cognitive control.

Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), researchers measured glutamate levels in the ACC of Japanese adolescents, finding a significant association between bullying and higher levels of subclinical psychotic experiences. These experiences, though not meeting diagnostic criteria for psychosis, can impact well-being.

Lead author Naohiro Okada noted the importance of anti-bullying programs in schools, emphasizing their role in creating a safe and supportive environment. Non-pharmacological interventions like cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based approaches are also recommended to address the neurotransmitter imbalance associated with bullying. 

Signs of psychosis in teens

Understanding the signs of psychosis in teens is essential for early intervention. Adolescence is a vulnerable period, and psychosis can manifest during this time. It is reportedly important for parents to look out for changes in behavior, such as sudden withdrawal, difficulty concentrating, or bizarre thoughts. Teens may experience hallucinations or delusions, believing things that aren't real. Mood swings or intense paranoia can be red flags. 

If a parent suspects psychosis in their teenager, it is important to seek help from mental health professionals. Early intervention can significantly improve outcomes. Approaching the situation with empathy and support and encouraging open communication is recommended. Family involvement in treatment can be beneficial, providing a supportive environment for recovery.