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While the term "atypical" might suggest rarity, atypical depression is actually quite common, affecting around 15-40% of people with depression. 

This is a subtype of major depressive disorder (MDD) that presents with unique symptoms compared to typical depression. 

One noticeable symptom of atypical depression is mood reactivity, meaning a person's mood brightens in response to positive events. Unlike typical depression where mood remains flat, those with atypical depression may experience temporary relief from their depressive symptoms when something positive happens.

Another sign of atypical depression is increased appetite or weight gain, as opposed to decreased appetite seen in typical depression. Affected patients may also experience hypersomnia, where they sleep excessively, rather than insomnia, which is more common in typical depression.

People with atypical depression may feel a heaviness in their limbs, leading to a sensation often described as "leaden paralysis." This can make even simple tasks feel exhausting and overwhelming. Additionally, they may experience intense sensitivity to rejection, often resulting in feelings of extreme loneliness and isolation.

Causes and risk factors

The exact cause of atypical depression is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Some research suggests abnormalities in neurotransmitter functioning, particularly involving serotonin and dopamine, may contribute to atypical depression.

Certain factors may increase the risk of developing atypical depression, including a family history of depression, traumatic life events, chronic stress, and hormonal changes, such as those occurring during puberty, pregnancy, or menopause.

Treatment options

Treatment for atypical depression typically involves a combined approach. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) are commonly used to help individuals develop coping strategies and improve interpersonal relationships.

Antidepressant medications, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), may be prescribed to help regulate mood and alleviate depressive symptoms. In some cases, lifestyle modifications, such as regular exercise and maintaining a healthy diet can also help.