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Each mental health condition is already daunting on its own, but a combination can mean a different set of challenges. Schizoaffective disorder is a mental health condition that combines symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations or delusions, with mood disorders like depression or bipolar disorder. It is a complex illness that can be challenging to diagnose and manage, affecting a person's thoughts, emotions and behavior.

Psychotic, mood, and cognitive symptoms

People with schizoaffective disorder may experience a variety of symptoms. Psychotic symptoms may include hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not there) and delusions (strongly held beliefs that are not based on reality). These symptoms can be frightening and may make it difficult for a person to distinguish between what is real and what is not.

Mood symptoms can vary widely and may include depressive episodes characterized by feelings of sadness, hopelessness and loss of interest in activities once enjoyed. Alternatively, a person may experience manic episodes, marked by elevated mood, increased energy and impulsive behavior.

Cognitive symptoms can affect a person's ability to think clearly, concentrate and make decisions. They may experience difficulties with memory and maintaining attention.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing schizoaffective disorder can be challenging because it shares symptoms with other mental health conditions, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. A thorough evaluation by a qualified mental health professional is essential for an accurate diagnosis. This evaluation may include a review of symptoms, medical history, and possibly laboratory tests to rule out other conditions.

Treatment

Treatment for schizoaffective disorder typically involves a combination of medication, therapy, and support services. Antipsychotic medications may help manage psychotic symptoms, while mood stabilizers or antidepressants can address mood disturbances. 

Therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or supportive therapy, can help a person develop coping strategies, improve communication skills, and enhance their quality of life. Additionally, support services, such as case management or peer support groups, can provide valuable resources and assistance.