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In a recent publication in the journal BMJ Case Reports, doctors issued a stark warning regarding the dangers of inhaling fentanyl, a synthetic opioid.

The report detailed the case of a middle-aged man who was discovered unresponsive in a hotel room after snorting the drug. The doctors observed potentially irreversible brain damage, known as toxic leukoencephalopathy, in the patient.

Leukoencephalopathy, characterized by inflammation and damage to the brain's white matter, can have severe neurological consequences. While this syndrome has previously been associated with heroin inhalation, this case marks the first reported instance linked to fentanyl use.

The condition manifests in various neurological and behavioral changes, ranging from confusion to coma and death, underscoring the gravity of fentanyl abuse.

As per Medical Express, the prognosis for individuals affected by toxic leukoencephalopathy varies, with some experiencing full recovery while others face progressive deterioration.

In the case described, the patient, initially unconscious upon arrival at the hospital, exhibited signs of white matter inflammation and cerebellar injury. Despite testing negative for epilepsy, urine analysis revealed a high level of fentanyl, leading to a diagnosis of fentanyl-induced toxic leukoencephalopathy.

After eighteen days, he remained confined to his bed and continued to rely on tube feeding. Medical professionals administered a variety of medications to address issues such as urinary incontinence, kidney injury, cognitive impairment, suspected opioid withdrawal, pain, agitation, and pneumonia.

Following a total of 26 days, he was discharged to a rehabilitation facility. Subsequently, after an additional month of treatment, he returned home with the assistance of outpatient physiotherapy and occupational therapy. Remarkably, within less than a year of his initial hospitalization, he achieved full recovery and resumed working on a full-time basis.

Reflecting on his journey, he expressed gratitude to the healthcare professionals who facilitated his recovery while acknowledging the impact of his actions on himself and his loved ones.

"Early on it was looking like I would need 24-hour care after being discharged, but I focused and worked hard in my therapy session and was determined not to leave the hospital only to be checked into a group facility for ongoing care," he explained. "I have regrets often about what I did to myself, my wife, and my family."

This case reportedly serves as a reminder of the devastating effects of fentanyl abuse and the critical importance of early detection and intervention. The report authors advocate for the inclusion of fentanyl in routine urine drug screens to facilitate prompt identification and appropriate management.