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Excessive daytime sleepiness, also known as daytime somnolence, is a common issue characterized by persistent drowsiness during waking hours.

What Is Excessive Daytime Sleepiness?

Excessive daytime sleepiness is marked by difficulty staying awake or alert, along with an increased desire to sleep during the day. This condition is particularly noticeable during periods of inactivity, such as sitting at work or driving. Unlike occasional sleepiness after a poor night's sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness occurs almost daily for at least three months.

Symptoms of Excessive Sleepiness

Lack of quality sleep can manifest through various symptoms that might not be immediately recognized as related to sleep. Those afflicted might experience difficulty staying alert, increased irritability, memory problems, trouble focusing, difficulty making decisions, slower reaction times, and even risk-taking behaviors.

Consequences of Daytime Somnolence

Daytime somnolence, or excessive daytime sleepiness, can significantly impact health and daily life. It increases the risk of car and workplace accidents, decreases productivity, affects academic performance, and lowers the overall quality of life. Additionally, it can lead to mood and emotional regulation issues, social and relationship problems, and can be particularly dangerous for young adults, shift workers, medical staff, and long-distance drivers.

Chronic sleep deprivation associated with excessive sleepiness has been linked to serious health conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and heart disease. In children, it can affect development, while in older adults, it increases the risk of falls and may contribute to cognitive impairment and memory loss.

Causes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness

There are several potential causes of excessive daytime sleepiness. One of the most common causes is a chronic lack of sleep due to long work hours, irregular schedules, or insomnia. Fragmented or poor-quality sleep, often caused by frequent awakenings, can also lead to daytime sleepiness. Lifestyle factors such as smoking and lack of exercise can contribute to poor sleep quality.

Sleep-wake disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and narcolepsy, are known to cause excessive sleepiness. These conditions disrupt sleep patterns and can result in micro-awakenings during the night, often without the person's awareness. Circadian rhythm disorders can also cause a disconnect between the body's internal clock and required wake times, leading to both insomnia and daytime sleepiness.