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Melatonin, a popular sleep aid, may pose risks when given to children before bedtime.

What is Melatonin?

Melatonin is a hormone naturally produced by the brain to regulate the sleep-wake cycle. It has been available as a supplement since the mid-1990s and is commonly used to help with sleep issues. Melatonin supplements are often marketed as a quick fix for sleep problems and are available in various forms, including gummies and pills.

Melatonin and Kids

Melatonin use among children has increased significantly in recent years. According to a 2023 study in JAMA Pediatrics, nearly one in five school-age children had taken melatonin in the past 30 days. Many parents use melatonin gummies to help their children fall asleep faster and avoid bedtime struggles.

Despite its popularity, melatonin's impact on children's health remains uncertain. Dr. Lauren Hartstein from the University of Colorado Boulder Sleep and Development Lab notes the lack of research on the long-term effects of melatonin use in children.

Melatonin Risks for Kids

While melatonin is generally considered safe for short-term use, there are concerns about its long-term impact on children's growth and development. A 2018 study reported delayed puberty in children who took melatonin for an average of seven years.

Additionally, melatonin supplements often contain more melatonin than stated on the label. The 2023 study found that some supplements contain up to 347% of the labeled amount. Furthermore, 26% of these supplements also contain serotonin, which can cause adverse effects such as agitation and increased heart rate.

The American Academy of Pediatrics advises caution with melatonin use in children, emphasizing the need for more research. Poison-control centers have seen a significant increase in calls related to pediatric melatonin ingestions.

A 2022 CDC report highlighted a 530 percent rise in such calls from 2012 to 2021. Overdoses can lead to symptoms like gastrointestinal and cardiovascular issues.