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Researchers have identified a potential risk associated with handheld massage guns: an increased likelihood of developing benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). This condition, characterized by sudden and intense dizziness accompanied by involuntary eye movements, was observed in two patients shortly after using massage guns on their upper necks and lower scalps.

One of the cases involved a 31-year-old woman who experienced vertigo within 12 hours of using a massage gun on her neck and shoulders. Similarly, a 48-year-old patient exhibited recurring vertigo episodes suspected to be triggered by massage gun use. Both individuals reported symptomatic improvement upon discontinuing use of the devices.

Dr. Ronen Nazarian, the report's author and director of otology at the Center for Advanced Ear Surgery, noted the need for caution among massage gun users. "I don't think a massage gun should be used on the head or upper neck at all," he told Health. "There is a greater risk of harm than benefit."

Nazarian explained that BPPV occurs when tiny calcium carbonate crystals in the inner ear become dislodged, disrupting the body's spatial orientation signals to the brain. While vibration-induced BPPV has been linked to various activities, including intense exercise and dental procedures, the specific association with massage guns warrants further investigation.

According to Dr. Ilan Danan, a sports neurologist at Cedars-Sinai, BPPV manifests as a sensation of spinning or motion when stationary, distinct from lightheadedness. He underscored the prevalence of BPPV and its potential triggers, noting that while some cases are idiopathic, others are linked to specific mechanical disturbances.

Nazarian expressed concern over the frequency of BPPV cases associated with massage gun use, particularly among younger adults. He recommended clearer warnings against using massage guns on the head and upper neck areas to mitigate risks.

"There should be better warnings on these products to caution about using these on the upper neck and back of the head," he stated. "Patients should be more aware."

Aside from vertigo, Nazarian cautioned about potential serious complications, such as vertebral artery dissection, associated with massage gun use near the neck. He advised individuals experiencing vertigo symptoms to consult with an ear, nose, and throat specialist promptly for evaluation and potential treatment.

"Even though the vertigo can be very disruptive to someone's life, this can be easily treated by a professional," he said.

To minimize the risk of vertigo, experts advised against using massage guns on sensitive body areas such as the groin, directly over the heart, or behind the knee. Vigilance in device usage and prompt medical attention for vertigo symptoms were highlighted as crucial preventive measures.

The research was published in May by JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surgery.