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In a breakthrough discovery that could lead to effective treatments for heart diseases, researchers have identified defects in the structure of a vital heart protein.

Researchers at Cardiff University and Slovak Academy, who have been analysing the protein Ryanodine Receptor (RyR), have found a tiny structural defect in its structure responsible for disturbing heart rhythm and causing heart problems. The membrane protein RyR regulates inflow of calcium which is a vital element for heart muscle contraction. The defect in the protein's structure causes disturbance in calcium channel regulation. Under stressful conditions, this disturbance can lead to sudden death, IB Times reported.

"The RyR protein is so fundamental to heart function. Just like in a car, if the thread of an engine valve is altered it will continue to keep going, but it may be only a matter of time before it blows and gives up - and that's the same for people who carry this defect. In people, it would take some kind of physical exertion or emotional trauma to trigger a cardiac crisis, which could lead to stroke, heart attack or sudden death," said Professor Tony Lai in a press release.  

"Our research has revealed that a genetic alteration in the largest membrane protein, responsible for triggering each and every heartbeat, produces a small structural defect that alters the rhythm of the heart," said Lai

"For the first time we have been able to obtain a precise molecular picture of this tiny defect. This new insight into the RyR protein's intricate structure and function will assist in the development of novel therapeutic drugs that corrects this molecular defect. We now need to begin screening people for this genetic flaw, so that steps can be taken to offset their chances of developing heart disease," he added.