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Teeth grinding, also known as bruxism, is a common dental issue affecting millions worldwide. While often overlooked, oral health and habits associated with it are related to mental health. Understanding this link is essential for both dental practitioners and mental health professionals providing comprehensive care to patients.

Bruxism is not merely a habit of clenching and grinding teeth - it is often a manifestation of underlying psychological distress. Stress, anxiety and depression are the primary culprits behind bruxism. When people experience heightened emotional states, they may unknowingly channel their tension into their jaw muscles, leading to teeth grinding during sleep or even during waking hours.

Stress, anxiety, and depression

Stress plays a significant role in triggering bruxism episodes. Chronic stressors such as work pressure, financial worries, or relationship issues can lead to persistent clenching and grinding. The body's natural response to stress involves tensing muscles, including those in the jaw, which, when prolonged, can result in bruxism.

Anxiety disorders are also closely related to bruxism. People with anxiety often exhibit muscle tension and hyperarousal, making them more prone to teeth grinding. The subconscious manifestation of anxiety through bruxism can lead to dental complications if left unaddressed.

Depression can also contribute to bruxism, through different mechanisms. Sleep disturbances commonly associated with depression, such as insomnia or disrupted sleep patterns, may increase the likelihood of bruxism episodes during the night. Additionally, the lack of motivation or interest in self-care that accompanies depression can lead to neglect of oral hygiene, exacerbating dental issues related to bruxism.

Treatment approaches

Addressing the different mental health aspects is key to effectively managing bruxism. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has shown promise in reducing bruxism by helping people identify and cope with stressors more effectively. Relaxation techniques, such as mindfulness and deep breathing exercises, can also alleviate muscle tension associated with bruxism.