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Findings from a recent study show that topiramate, a common antiseizure medication used for epilepsy, migraines and bipolar disorder, does not increase the risk of autism in children exposed to it in utero. 

The study indicated that topiramate's use during pregnancy does not pose neurodevelopmental risks. Lamotrigine is also considered safe for expectant mothers. However, valproate, another antiseizure drug, was found to elevate the risk of autism in children, particularly in higher doses. The study analyzed data from 4.3 million pregnant women between 2000 and 2020. 

In a report, lead researcher and professor of epidemiology Dr. Sonia Hernández-Díaz highlighted the importance of their findings. This clarification is much needed to understand seizure control during pregnancy, as children born to mothers with epilepsy have a higher incidence of autism. Nonetheless, after accounting for various factors, the study found no significant additional risk from antiseizure medications.

The link between autism and seizure disorders

The coexistence of autism and seizure disorders prompts ongoing investigation into their interplay and potential causality. While seizures are more prevalent among patients with autism compared to the general populace, the exact relationship remains elusive. Studies suggest various hypotheses: autism may predispose to seizures, seizures could contribute to autism, or both conditions may coexist independently.

Epilepsy prevalence in autistic children over 9 years old is notably higher, with a significant increase in diagnoses among those aged 10 and above. Certain gene mutations linked to both autism and epilepsy further complicate the matter. Although epilepsy's impact on autism symptom severity and cognitive regression is debated, abnormal EEG findings in autistic children without overt seizures suggest potential neurological implications.

Several related disorders often involve seizures alongside autistic features. Treatment approaches for epilepsy in autism are currently similar to those for non-autistic people. This emphasizes the need for tailored interventions considering the complex relationship of various neurological conditions.