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Smiling is a universal form of nonverbal communication, often indicating happiness or friendliness. However, not all smiles are the same.

A Duchenne smile, named after the French neurologist Guillaume Duchenne, refers to a genuine, heartfelt smile that engages both the muscles around the mouth and the muscles around the eyes. Unlike a forced or polite smile, which typically only involves the muscles around the mouth, a Duchenne smile is made possible by the contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle, causing the eyes to narrow and create "crow's feet" around the corners.

One of the key features of a Duchenne smile is the involvement of the eyes. Some believe that when people smile genuinely, their eyes light up with joy. This is because the muscles around the eyes are difficult to consciously control, so when they engage during a smile, it is seen as a more authentic expression of emotion. This phenomenon is often referred to as the "Duchenne marker."

Genuine emotion

Psychologists and researchers often use the Duchenne smile as an indicator of genuine emotion. Studies have found that people are more likely to trust and feel a connection with individuals who display Duchenne smiles compared to those who do not. This is because the Duchenne smile is seen as a sign of sincerity and openness, making the person seem more approachable and friendly.

Health benefits

Smiling can have numerous health benefits. Research has shown that smiling can reduce stress levels by triggering the release of endorphins, which are natural mood lifters. Additionally, smiling can lower blood pressure, boost the immune system, and even relieve pain.

Cultural differences

While smiling is generally seen as a universal sign of happiness, cultural differences can influence their interpretation. In some cultures, smiling openly at strangers may be seen as inappropriate or even suspicious. It is essential to consider cultural context when interpreting facial expressions to avoid misunderstandings.