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Depression is a global issue, but not everyone knows that different types affect different people. One of these types is psychotic depression.

Psychotic depression, also known as major depressive disorder with psychotic features, is a severe form of depression characterized by the presence of psychotic symptoms. These symptoms include hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that are not real) and delusions (false beliefs). People with psychotic depression often experience intense feelings of sadness, hopelessness and worthlessness, which can significantly impair their daily functioning.

Symptoms of psychotic depression

In addition to the typical symptoms of depression, such as persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities and changes in appetite or sleep patterns, psychotic depression is distinguished by the presence of psychosis. This can manifest as hallucinations, where people may see or hear things that others do not, and delusions, which are firmly held beliefs that are not based in reality. These delusions often revolve around themes of guilt, poverty, illness, or personal inadequacy.

Causes and risk factors

The exact cause of psychotic depression is not fully understood, but it is believed to be influenced by a combination of genetic, biological and environmental factors. People with a family history of depression or psychotic disorders may be at an increased risk. Additionally, stressful life events, substance abuse, and certain medications can trigger or exacerbate psychotic depression in susceptible people.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosing psychotic depression involves a thorough evaluation by a mental health professional, including a detailed assessment of symptoms and medical history. 

Treatment typically involves a combination of medication and psychotherapy. Antidepressant medications, often in conjunction with antipsychotic drugs, are commonly prescribed to alleviate symptoms. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or supportive therapy, can help manage symptoms, cope with stress, and address underlying issues contributing to depression.