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Recognizing the signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in toddlers and young children is crucial for early intervention and support. 

In a report, Conor McDonagh, an autism assessor and specialist occupational therapist, shared the most common indicators parents may notice in their children aged 12 to 36 months.

McDonagh highlighted five primary signs that could indicate autism in toddlers. First, he mentions sensory processing difficulties, where children react strongly to loud noises or certain textures, indicating hypersensitivity. Secondly, repetitive movements such as hand flapping or rocking back and forth suggest a need for sensory stimulation or self-soothing. 

Delayed speech is another significant sign, with McDonagh noting that children typically start using words around eight months and begin combining them by 24 months. A lack of interest in interacting with other children and difficulties in communication, such as using gestures to express needs, are also in the list of common signs.

Expert insights and additional perspectives

McDonagh's observations align with guidance from the NHS and the National Autistic Society. The NHS noted specific behaviors like not responding to their name, avoiding eye contact, and engaging in repetitive movements as potential indicators of autism in young children. 

The National Autistic Society further elaborated on the variability of autism characteristics, noting resistance to change, repetitive behaviors, and emerging difficulties with social interaction and communication.

Early detection and intervention

Early detection of autism is crucial for ensuring children receive the support they need. While some children may receive a diagnosis at a young age, others may not be diagnosed until later in life, especially if their symptoms are less severe or accompanied by learning disabilities. However, regardless of when a diagnosis is made, early intervention programs tailored to the child's needs can significantly improve their outcomes and quality of life.