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Scientists have determined that sugar does not lead to hyperactivity in children.

The Hyperactivity Myth

For years, the belief that sugary foods and drinks make children hyperactive has been widely accepted. This myth originated from studies in the 1970s and 1980s, which suggested a connection between sugar and hyperactive behavior. These studies were linked to the Feingold Diet, developed by American pediatric allergist Benjamin Feingold, which aimed to manage Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by eliminating certain food additives, including sugar. However, subsequent research revealed that the methods used in these studies were flawed and lacked proper control groups.

Scientific Evidence

Modern scientific research has consistently failed to find a significant link between sugar consumption and hyperactivity. Rigorous placebo-controlled studies have shown that sugar does not affect children's behavior or attention span. A notable meta-analysis published nearly 20 years ago compared the effects of sugar and a placebo on children's behavior and found no significant difference. This finding has been reinforced by numerous studies, indicating that sugar does not cause hyperactivity, even in children with ADHD.

Misconceptions and Dopamine

One reason the myth persists is the misconception about dopamine, a neurotransmitter linked to increased activity. The brain releases dopamine in response to rewards, such as a sweet treat, which can lead to a temporary increase in activity. However, this increase is not comparable to the effects of psychostimulant drugs like amphetamines. While dopamine function is related to ADHD, the release of dopamine from consuming sugar is not enough to cause hyperactive behavior.

Parental Perceptions

Expectations can influence perceptions. In studies where parents were told their child received a sugary drink or a placebo, those who expected hyperactivity saw it, even if the child had not consumed sugar. This shows that societal beliefs can shape how behavior is interpreted.

Balanced Nutrition

Although sugar does not cause hyperactivity, it is still important to promote balanced nutrition for overall health. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends limiting free sugar intake to less than 10% of total energy intake, with further reductions to 5% for additional health benefits. Encouraging moderation and healthy eating habits can help children develop a positive relationship with food.