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Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a condition characterized by a strong, uncontrollable urge to move the legs.

What is Restless Legs Syndrome?

Restless legs syndrome, also referred to as Willis-Ekbom disease, is a neurological disorder that leads to an overwhelming need to move the legs, often due to uncomfortable sensations. These sensations typically occur in the evening or at night while sitting or lying down. Movement can provide temporary relief, but the condition can severely disrupt sleep and daily activities. RLS can start at any age but tends to worsen with age. Managing the symptoms often involves lifestyle changes and medication.

Signs of RLS

RLS manifests primarily as an intense urge to move the legs, especially during inactive periods. People commonly experience discomfort after prolonged lying down or sitting, such as during travel or while watching a movie. Temporary relief can be found through activities like stretching, pacing, or walking, which alleviate the sensations temporarily. Symptoms tend to worsen in the evening and night, and RLS is often associated with nighttime leg twitching, a phenomenon known as periodic limb movement of sleep, where involuntary leg movements occur during sleep.

People often describe these sensations as crawling, creeping, pulling, throbbing, aching, itching, or electric. These feelings usually affect both sides of the body but can occasionally occur in the arms. Unlike muscle cramps or numbness, the urge to move the legs is a defining characteristic of RLS.

Causes of Restless Legs Syndrome

The exact cause of restless legs syndrome is often unknown, but several factors may contribute to the condition:

Imbalance of Dopamine

Researchers suggest that RLS may be related to an imbalance of dopamine, a brain chemical responsible for controlling muscle movement.

Heredity

RLS can run in families, especially if symptoms start before age 40. Genetic markers for RLS have been identified on specific chromosomes.

Pregnancy

Hormonal changes during pregnancy can worsen RLS symptoms, particularly in the last trimester. Symptoms usually improve after childbirth.

Restless legs syndrome can severely impact sleep and overall quality of life, potentially leading to depression and excessive daytime drowsiness. Addressing underlying conditions and consulting with healthcare professionals are crucial steps in managing RLS effectively.