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Cannabis use in teenagers has been found to significantly increase the risk of developing psychotic disorders later in life, according to a recent Canadian study.

Effects of Cannabis

Cannabis, commonly known as marijuana, contains tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive component. Since the 1970s and 80s, THC concentrations in cannabis have risen significantly, making the drug more potent. The increased potency is linked to higher rates of psychosis, especially in users who start at a young age. High-potency cannabis has been associated with an elevated risk of experiencing psychotic episodes, which can include hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia.

Risk of Developing Psychotic Disorders in Teens

A study led by McMaster University epidemiologist André McDonald analyzed data from over 11,000 people in Ontario, Canada. This study found that teenagers who used cannabis were 11 times more likely to be diagnosed with a psychotic disorder, such as schizophrenia, compared to their non-using peers. This is a much stronger association than what previous studies have reported. For instance, a 2016 analysis found that heavy cannabis users were about four times more likely to develop psychosis.

The McMaster study utilized survey data on cannabis use among teens collected between 2009 and 2012, linked with public health records up to 2018. This comprehensive approach allowed the researchers to track formal diagnoses of psychotic disorders in late adolescence and early adulthood, capturing a critical window when these disorders typically first appear.

The Danger for Developing Brains

Notably, the increased risk was primarily observed in the adolescent years (ages 12-19). The study did not find a significant association between cannabis use and psychotic disorder diagnoses in young adulthood (ages 20-33). This supports the theory that the developing brains of teenagers are particularly vulnerable to the effects of cannabis. However, it is essential to note that the study did not account for genetic factors or personal history of trauma, which could also influence the development of psychotic disorders.

McDonald emphasized that while most teenagers who use cannabis will not develop a psychotic disorder, the data indicates that a majority of those diagnosed with such disorders had a history of cannabis use.

Monitoring Cannabis Use

These findings highlight the importance of monitoring and potentially regulating cannabis use among adolescents, especially considering the rising potency of available cannabis products and the long-term implications for mental health.